• The Egyptian civilization was one of the earliest in world history. It is believed that this civilization began around 5000BC, and usually held to have come to maturity in around 3000BCwhen the lower Nile valley became unified under a single ruler ( Menes or Narmer of Memphis). By this period the only other parts of the world to have a literate, and urban civilization were the Sumerians in Mesopotamia
– The life of ancient Egypt centered around the Nile and the fertile land along its banks. The farmers in the long, narrow, Nile valley developed irrigation methods to control the flow of the river.
– The valley was rich and fertile creating vast surpluses of crops that made possible incredible building projects such as the pyramids and temples.
– The surpluses were also used to fund a refined lifestyle for the elite, to develop overseas trade and diplomacy and to pay for wars of conquest.
– The civilization was built on continuity, on meticulous/careful record keeping and above all on divine and royal precedent / pattern. The achievement of civilization involved innovations in writing, administration, quarrying and surveying, mathematics and architecture, irrigation and agricultural production methods, as well as some of the earliest ship. – The surpluses were also used to fund a refined lifestyle for the elite, to develop overseas trade and diplomacy and to pay for wars of conquest.
– The civilization was built on continuity, on meticulous/careful record keeping and above all on divine and royal precedent / pattern. The achievement of civilization involved innovations in writing, administration, quarrying and surveying, mathematics and architecture, irrigation and agricultural production methods, as well as some of the earliest ship.
• Some modern day Africanist scholars believe that Egyptian civilization was a creation of Black Africans. A Senegalese scholar Dr. Sheikh Anta Diop (1923-1986) dedicated his life to scientifically challenging Eurocentric and Arab-centric views of pre-colonial African culture specifically those that suggested the ancient civilization of Egypt did not have its origin in Black Africa.
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